The Dwight-Englewood GUM Sheet (Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics)
| Error | Sample Sentences | |
| Grammar Problems | ||
| Fragments | No one could help except Odysseus. If the situation was to improve. | frag |
| Run-ons | There was no way off Kalypso’s island we cannot blame him for not getting home. | r-o |
| There was no way off Kalypso’s island, we cannot blame him for not getting home. | ||
| Parallelism | Odysseus liked to outwit enemies, killing suitors, and to tell stories. | | | |
| Dangling Modifiers | Blind to the danger, the arrow was a surprise to Atinoos. | dang |
| Misplaced Modifiers | Odysseus wanted both to kill the suitors and the sluttish maids. | mm |
| Verb Shift | Odysseus hates the suitors and hated the disloyal maids as well. | shift |
| Tense | After Odysseus killed the suitors, he killed the maids. | T |
| Subject/Verb | One of the suitors suggest that they offer Penelope gifts. | s/v |
| Case | Odysseus thought, "Me and Telemakhos must kill the suitors." | case |
| Pronoun/Antecedent | One of the crew members fell off a roof and broke their neck. | p/a |
| Pronoun Reference | The suitors want Odysseus' wife and wealth, which is why they plot Telemahkos’ murder. | ref |
| Commas and Other Punctuation | ||
| Compound | Penelope missed her husband and Telemakhos missed his dad. | comp |
| Introductory | When he first lands on Ithaka Odysseus does not know where he is. | intro |
| Interrupter | Antinoos the leader of the suitors is the first to die. | inter |
| Quotations | Athena admires Odysseus "Such detachment! That’s why I cannot desert you." | q |
| Apostrophes | The suitors panic at the sight of Athenas aegis. | apos |
| Unneeded Punctuation | The courageous Odysseus, did not shy away from Skylla. | |
| Capitalization | The Odyssey is an ancient greek epic that is often studied in History class. | cap |
| Types of Diction Errors | d | |
| Homonym | The suitors do not consume there own food. Its more fun eating Odysseus’ food. | hom |
| Confused Pair | Odysseus excepted Alkinoos’s gifts. | conf |
| Wrong Word | Kalypso’s flesh is flawless. | ww |
| Cliche | Penelope will always be there for Odysseus. | cliche |
| Style Problems | ||
| Wordiness | Due to the fact that he has Athena’s help, the victory that Odysseus has is sweet. | wdy |
| Redundancy | When Odysseus talks with Penelope, he lovingly repeats again his love for her. | red |